In many cases, a clear path to reconciliation and justice for racially motivated discrimination is that of public apology and repentance, signaling that the perpetrator acknowledges they have done wrong and can be accused of wrongdoing if their behavior is repeated.
However, for Africans and African Americans, little to no effort has been made to apologize or offer reparations for the cruelties they and their ancestors suffered from the slave trade, racially motivated murders or the instability their communities experience today, to name just a few. Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, amongst others, discusses what has been done and what such reparations could look like in the future:
- Scholarly Article: "About Africa: A Truth Commission for Africa" by Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann
- Scholarly Article: "Reparations to Africa and the Group of Eminent Persons" by Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann
Concerning the experiences of those in the United States: